几个表示害怕的形容词经常让人混淆 形容让人很害怕的词语


几个表示害怕的形容词经常让人混淆 形容让人很害怕的词语

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#英语词汇##高考英语##高中英语#
英语中有几个意思相近的单词,它们都可以意为”害怕的“,包括 afraid,scared 和 frightened 等;它们经常被混用,但是你会发现你用着用着就总感觉哪里会出错,事实也是它们还是有一定的区别的 。


Afraid,scared 和 frightened 经常被认为是同一个东西,它们的最大共同点就是,它们都可以跟在名词后面,例如:


小狗们害怕猫 。
The puppies are afraid of the cat. (正确)
The puppies are scared of the cat. (正确)
The puppies are frightened of the cat. (正确)


我开始害怕夜间单独外出了 。
I started to feel afraid of going out alone at night. (正确)
I started to feel scared of going out alone at night. (正确)
I started to feel frightened of going out alone at night. (正确)




然而,它们还是有比较大的区别的,我们可以从以下几个方面来分析它们的区别,例如:


一、能否作前置定语


Afraid 不能作前置定语,而 scared 和 frightened 可以,这是它们最主要的区别之一,例如:


受惊的猫从狗身边跑开了 。
The scared cats ran away from the dog. (正确)
The frightened cats ran away from the dog. (正确)
The afraid cats ran away from the dog. (错误)


二、能否接动词不定式


Afraid 和 scared 后面常接动词不定式,而 frightened 不常用,例如:


她不敢开门 。
She was afraid to open the door. (常用)
She was scared to open the door. (常用)
She was frightened to open the door. (不常用)


她不敢告诉他到底发生了什么 。
She's afraid to tell him what really happened. (常用)
She's scared to tell him what really happened. (常用)
She's frightened to tell him what really happened. (不常用)
三、连接的介词


Scared 和 frightened 后面常接介词 by 或 of,而 afraid 后面只接 of,不能接 by,例如:


你怕蜘蛛吗?
Are you afraid of spiders? (正确)
Are you afraid by spiders? (错误)


当这些词与 of 连用时,通常表示一直经历的一种心理状态,例如:


She is scared of alone.
她不敢一个人外出 。


I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark.
我害怕在黑夜单独走路回家 。


而当与 by 连用时,通常表示产生结果的某个突发事件,例如:


He was scared by the thunder.
他被雷声吓了一跳 。


Most children are frightened by the sight of blood.
大多数孩子见到血就害怕 。
四、是否是分词形容词


Afraid 之所以不同的另外一个原因是,它不是分词形容词,而 scared 和 frightened,类似的还有 terrified,horrified,petrified 和 spooked 等是分词形容词,它们都是对应动词的过去分词,也就是我们常说的以 -ed 结尾的 。


1. 通常过去分词(以 -ed 结尾)用来谈论某人的感受,例如:


He is always frightened by ghost stories.
他总是被鬼故事吓坏 。


Sally is terrified of cockroaches.
莎莉害怕蟑螂 。


I am scared to talk loudly in public.
我害怕在公共场合大声说话 。


2. 而现在分词(以-ing结尾)用来谈论引起这种感觉的人、事或情况等,例如:


I just watched a frightening movie, and now I can't sleep.
我刚看了一部恐怖电影,现在睡不着 。


Jackie touched a terrifying cat under the dinner table.
杰基摸着餐桌下一只可怕的猫 。


3. 需要注意的是,scaring 不是分词形容词,通常用 scary 来代替,例如:


I think prison is going to be a scary thing for Nathan.
我觉得蹲监狱对于内森会是件很可怕的事 。
关注外语行天下,后期会更精彩 。
【几个表示害怕的形容词经常让人混淆 形容让人很害怕的词语】


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